Perfect tenses
Present perfect
Past perfect
Future perfect
[color=yellow][color:2733=yellow:2733]Formation
Have/has + p.p
Had + p.p
[color=yellow]Shall + have + p.p[color:2733=yellow:2733]WillUsage
[color=yellow]* للتعبير عن حدث وقع في الماضي ولا زال له علاقة بالحاضر أو حدث انتهى توا* للتعبير عن حدث تام وقع في الماضي قبل وقوع حدث آخر ( ماضي بسيط )[color:2733=yellow:2733]للتعبير عن حدث سوف يتم اكتمال وقوعه في المستقبل قبل أن تتم فترة زمنية معينةTime line
Indicators
Guided words
Just- already- ever- never- since- for- yet- so far- lately -recently
After- before- as soon as – no sooner……....than-
[color=yellow] hardly………….when scarcely………..whenByIn + future[color:2733=yellow:2733]This time
[color=yellow]· I haven’t seen him since he traveled abroad.· We have lived here for ten years.[color:2733=yellow:2733]
· She hasn’t come yet.· After he had left his office he returned home
[color=blue][color=blue]· Before she watched T.V she had finished homework
[color:2733=yellow:2733]
· No sooner had he found his keys than he lost them again
[color=blue]· They will have finished the school in a year
[color:2733=yellow:2733]
· By next October I will have joined the university[color:2733=yellow:2733]
· By next year we shall have built a new house
Perfect continuous tenses
Present Perfect continuous
Past Perfect continuous
Future Perfect continuous
Formation
[color=yellow]Have + been + v. + ingHasHad + been + v. + ingShall+ have + been + v. + ing[color:2733=yellow:2733]will
Usage
[color=yellow]للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي ومازال مستمرا حتى الآن أو انتهى تواً أو يمكن استمراره في المستقبلللتعبير عن الأحداث المستمرة أو المتكررة قبل حدث ماضي انتهى فعلا[color:2733=yellow:2733]للتعبير عن حدث مستمر للآن أو سوف يبدأ في الاستمرار بعد قليل وسوف يستمر في المستقبلTime line
[color=yellow] [color:2733=yellow:2733] Indicators
[color=yellow]Since / for + nowSo far / till nowAll this morning…After - before[color:2733=yellow:2733]By / in this time + futureExamples
[color=yellow]· I have been waiting for you all morning· He has been reading all afternoon· It has been raining for two hours and it still hasn’t stopped· I had been working in a shop for years before I got this job· The boy was delighted with his toy. He had been wanting it for a long time· By the end of the week they will have been living here[color:2733=yellow:2733]
· In this time next month we shall have been working in a new school
[color=yellow]ملحوظة :· لا يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر في المبني للمجهول ويستخدم المضارع التام بدلا منه* She has been cooking Mahshi. – Mahshi has been cooked[color:2733=yellow:2733]
· لا يستخدم الماضي التام المستمر في المبني للمجهول ويستخدم الماضي التام بدلا منه He had been waiting for it a long time - It had been waited for ..
Conjugation of common Irregular verbs
تصريفات الأفعال الشاذة الشائعة
Present
Meaning
Past
Past Participle
awoke
يستيقظ
awoke
Awoke
bear
يلد
bore
Born
bear
يحمل
bore
Born
beat
يضرب – يهزم- يدق
beat
Beaten
become
يصبح
became
Become
Begin
يبدأ
Began
Begun
Bend
يثني – ينثني
Bent
Bent
Bid
يأمر
Bade
Bidden
Bind
يربط
Bound
Bound
Bite
يعض- يقضم
Bit
Bitten
Bleed
ينزف
Bled
Bled
Blow
يهب- يعصف
Blew
Blown
Break
يكسر – يتكسر
Broke
Broken
Breed
يربي
Bred
Bred
Bring
يحضر
Brought
Brought
Broadcast
يذيع
Broadcast
Broadcast
Build
يبني
Built
Built
Burn
يحرق- يحترق
Burnt
Burnt
Burst
ينفجر- يندفع
Burst
Burst
Buy
يشتري
Bought
Bought
Catch
يمسك
Caught
Caught
Cast
يلقي
Cast
Cast
Choose
يختار
Chose
Chosen
Cling
يتعلق بـ
Clung
Clung