Grammar أ/ أحمد البسيوني / الجزء الثانى

to = Besides = As well as + عبارة

In addition to visiting my uncle, I went to the market.







12.As well as



1. As well as visiting my uncle, I went to the market

2. فى الجملة التالية فاعلان قاما بنفس الفعل، يصرف الفعل مع الفاعل الأول

Ali is a doctor . His sons are a doctor.

Ali , as well as his sons, is a doctor







13. Not only





Not only ……………………………………… but ………………………………too/as well

Not only……………………………………… but…… also……………………………………..

Scarcely (Hardly) (مساعد + فاعل+ فعل أساسى when ……………………

No sooner ……………………………… than ……………………………………….

I took the car and went to school .

Not only did I take the car but I also went to school.

I not only took the car but I went to school too

Hardly did I take the car when I went to school.

No sooner did I take the car than I went to school.

يمكن أن يوجد فاعلين يقومان بذات الفعل: يتبع الفعل الفاعل الثانى:

** The boys go to mosque . Ibrahim goes to mosque.







Not only the boys but also Ibrahim goes to mosque.


14. Though = even though = even if = although جملة

Ali is ill but he goes to school .

Though Ali is ill , he goes to school.

Despite Ali's illness, he goes to school.

15. Despite = despite = for all = with all عبارة



Though Ali is ill , he goes to school.

Despite Ali's illness, he goes to school.

16.





- جملة , however, جملة

-However فعل +فاعل + صفة أو ظرف
However

He is ill . He goes to school.

a. He is ill. However, he goes to school.

b. He is ill, however, he goes to school.

c.





صفة أو ظرف +as

+فاعل +فعل
However ill he is, he goes to school.

17. As

d. Ill as he is, he goes to school.














1. If مضارع بسيط , will, can, may +1

2. If ماضى بسيط , would, could, might +1

3. If ماضى تام , would, could, might +have +3

4. If مضارع بسيط , مضارع بسيط








18. If

a. الحالة الأولى تعبر عن احتمال وإمكانية وقوع فعل الشرط:

It is possible I will meet Ali. If so, I will tell him about my journey.

If I meet Ali, I will tell him about my journey.

Should I meet Ali, I'll tell him about my journey.

b. أما الثانية فتعبر عن عدم وجود هذه الفرصة(التغيير): .

There isn't a chance or time to meet Ali, so I won't tell him about my journey.

1. If I met Ali, I would tell him about my journey.

Should I meet Ali, I would tell him about my journey.

Were I to meet Ali, I would tell him about my journey.

2. ويمكن أن تستخدم للنصيحة والتمنى: If I were a doctor, I'd help the poor.

a. If I were you , I would participate in the march

b. Were I you, I would participate in the march.

Yesterday, I didn't tell Ali about my journey because I didn't meet him.

If I had met Ali, I would have told him about my journey.

Had I met Ali, I would have told him about my journey.

d. والحالة الصفرية تستخدم مع الحقائق العلمية:

If you boil water, it turns into steam.

Notice :

a. If I had taken the pen, I would have written the exercise. (so, because)

1. I didn't take the pen so I didn't write the exercise.

2. I didn't write the exercise because I didn't take the pen.

b. If I hadn't taken the pen, I wouldn't have written the exercise (so, because)

1. I took the pen so I wrote the exercise.

2. I wrote the exercise because I took the pen.

19. Without : تتبعها عبارة ولكن الجملة تكون منفية

If I hadn't taken the pen, I wouldn't have written the exercise:

Without taking the pen, I wouldn't have written the exercise.

ما الفرق بين if it weren't for , if it hadn't been for ؟ تتبعهما عبارة

الحالة الثانية If it weren't for my pen. I wouldn't write the exercise.

الحالة الثالثة If it hadn't been for my pen , I wouldn't have written the exercise.

20. In case of : تتبعها عبارة وتأتى مع () المثبتة

If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

In case of hard study, I would have passed the exam.